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Introduction: The growing trend of the aging phenomenon introduce the necessity of attention to perceived social support as an effective factor in promoting older adults health. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and health in the elderly in Azarshahr.
Method: The current study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study which was conducted by participation of 312 older adults who aged 65 years and above from Azarshahr city using stratified random sampling method. The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate the mental health, the General Health Questionnaire to assess general health and ability to perform activities of daily living, the Keyes Social Health Questionnaire to measure social health and the Sarason’s Social Support Questionnaire to assess perceived social support. One-dimensional tables and independent t test and ANOVA were used to describe and analysis of the data by SPSS software version 14.
Results: The health status of the elderly in the Azarshahr is on moderate level (53.53%). Approximately 47 percent of them had a high level of perceived social support. There is a significant relationship between perceived social support and mental (p <0.001) and social health of older adults (p = 0.002), while there is no significant relationship between perceived social support and physical health of them (p = 0.431).
Conclusion: Elderly people with high level of perceived social support have better mental and social health than others. But perceived social support does not have any effect on physical health.

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Introduction: Today increased life expectancy is not merely a sign of development, but life quality of the elderly and the role of social factors in its promotion should be also taken into account. This study is intended to investigate the role of social support on the quality of life of the elderly in the city of Mashhad.
Method: In this study a survey method was adopted and the data were collected by questionnaire. Accordingly, the quality of life was measured by F36 standard questionnaire and social support was assessed by Philips standard questionnaire. The population consisted of all senior citizens over 65 years in mashhad and a sample size of 265 subjects was selected. A combination of stratified cluster samplings method were used for this purpose and data were selected from 9 neighborhoods in the city of Mashhad in the year 2014. Moreover, data analysis was conducted using SPSS 16 software, regression tests, Pearson correlation and mean comparison.
Results: The mean score of quality of life for the elderly was 52.64 with the subscale of social functioning scoring higher than other subscales. Also, the average total score for social support was 49.65 with the subscale of emotional support (mean score= 64.87) obtaining the highest score. The results of mean comparison indicated a significant association between two variables of quality of life and gender so that male elderly had a significantly higher quality of life compared to their female counterpart (P =0.000).
Also, there was a significant difference only in physical dimension of quality of life (P=0.000) with men displaying better physical quality of life compared to women. There was no significant relationship between general social support and gender. Among the dimensions of social support, there was a significant difference between men and women in terms of information support (P=0.000). Finally, social support and its dimensions had a significant effect on the quality of life of the elderly so that they explained 35% of variation in the quality of life. In this regard, emotional support had the greatest effect on the life quality of the elderly.
Conclusion: Emotional support had the dramatic effect on the quality of life of older adults, but it should be noted that because of special social, economic and physical status, they also require other types of support such as instrumental and informational support

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Introduction: Attention and concentration on predictor variables of loneliness feeling in the elderly is an introduction to successful reduction of loneliness feeling and decreasing its serious consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of communication skills, social support and daily spiritual experiences in predicting loneliness feeling of the elderly.

Method: This is descriptive- analytical study. The statistical population of this study was all elderly in Tehran at 2016. Four hundred elderly who are living at home were selected by cluster sampling from different areas of Tehran city. The Revised loneliness feeling scale, Interpersonal Communication Skills questionnaire, Social support questionnaire, and Daily spiritual experiences questionnaire were used to collect information. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 23, using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression method.

Results: The statistical results indicated the negative significant correlations between communication skills (r= -0/40, P<0/001), social support (r= -0/20, P<0/001) and daily spiritual experiences (r= -0/50, P<0/001) with loneliness feeling. Multivariate regression analysis showed that 38 percent of the variance in loneliness feeling of the elderly is explained by the communication skills, social support and daily spiritual experiences.

 Conclusion: Communication skills, social support and daily spiritual experiences have a significant role in predicting loneliness feeling of the elderly. The results of this study have significant therapeutic implications about the importance of these variables in the loneliness feeling of the elderly.

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Introduction: Due to the dramatic increasing in elderly population in Iran, their health-related quality of life has become to one of the main challenges. This study examined the relationship between social support and health-related quality among elderly in Tabriz.
Method: In this correlational study, the information collected using health-related quality of life questionnaire and social support questionnaire in a sample of 350 elderly people at ten area of Tabriz. The data were analysized by SPSS version 23.
Results: Findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between social support and health-related quality of life. The health-related quality of life is elderly men was greater than women. Stepwise Regression analysis indicated that social support, income and social support achieved from friends explained 30% of  elderly people health-related quality of life.
Conclusion: Considering social support as a one of social determinants of health is an important factor in improving the quality of life of elderly.

 

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Introduction: The aim of this research was investigate of relationship between Humor and Social Support with Sex Satisfaction in old aged Married women 60-70 years in Tehran.
Method: Research method was descriptive. The statistical Population contains all old aged women 60-70 years present in Municipality Cultural House of District three of Tehran city by 2016.  For implemented the research 200 women selected as sample by Voluntary available sampling method: The data collected by Hudson’s Sex Satisfaction Questionnaire, The Social Support Appraisal Scale, and Humor Style Questionnaire. At last, collected data analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Multivariate Regression by SPSS version 21.  
Results: The findings revealed that there were positive and significant relationship between Self Worthwhile Style and Seeking linkage Style with Sex Satisfaction (0/0001). However, there were negative and significant relationship between Aggressive Style and self-Inferiority Style with Sex Satisfaction (p< 0/001). In addition, there are positive and significant relationship between Family Support, Friend Support, Other Person Support, and total score of Social Support with Sex Satisfaction (p< 0/001).
Conclusion: According to findings could be concluding that Humor styles and Social Support have play important role in Sex Satisfaction. It is suggested to mental health clinicians that awareness of the roles of these psychological elements to counseling with older people.

 

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Introduction: ageing period affect on variety of psychological and social factors like; social support, loneliness and quality of sleep. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between sleep quality and perceived social support with loneliness in elderly men.
Method: The current study is descriptive research. 100 elderly men between 65 to 75 years old were selected by Available sampling method through district  number 20 and the Jahandidegan centers of Tehran Municipality by 2015-2016. Data collection tools included mental state examination (MMSE), Screening subjects and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) ,loneliness questionnaire (UCLA) and perceived social support questionnaire were Zymt (MSPSS). In order to analyze data from tables descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and ,stepwise regression  were used.
Results: The results showed that there was a negative significant relationship between sleep quality and loneliness with perceived social support. Social protection alone is able to predict loneliness in elderly men and 58% of its variance  was explained through it (p<0/01). In the second model, social support and quality sleep together have been able to predict 61 percent of the variance of loneliness (p<0/01).
Conclusion: Attention to the quality of life, loneliness, and perceived social support among elderly men could be useful. The findings of this study focus on the role of social support in the elderly health care. Therefore, it is suggested to the psychologists and counselors to develop programs based on promotion of social support and prevention the loneliness and isolation in elderly men.
 

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Background: Elderly is a very important period of life in which the death anxiety is a common feature of them. It is important to identify the factors that affect death anxiety during elderly period. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social support on death anxiety in elderlies referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital.
Methods: The descriptive research method was used in current research. This study included all the elderly over 60 years old referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital between 2017 and 2018. In addition, the sampling method was considered randomly. Three questionnaires such as Social Support (SS-A), the Scherer et al (1988) questionnaire and Death Anxiety Scale questionnaire by Templer included to the study. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to the data and the SPSS/AMOS version 23 were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The results showed than score of social support, self-efficacy, and elderly death anxiety were above their average. Moreover, the impact of social support on self-efficacy and death anxiety was positive and negative significant, respectively. The impact of self-efficacy on death anxiety was negative significant. Self-efficacy and social support can explain the 36% of death anxiety variation. 
Conclusion: Social support can significantly reduce the anxiety of death in the elderly and have a positive effect on their self-efficacy. Finally, considering the presented models in the current study and their appropriate fits, extensive attention to improving social support can lead to increase the self-efficacy of the elderly and to reduce the death anxiety.
 

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Introduction: Nowadays due to the growing amount of attention of elderly people in Iran, more than ever, it is important to maintain and improve the health and quality of life of the elderly as a vulnerable population group. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and old age stress in the elderly of Gonabad city.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study was performed on, 153 elderly people referred to Gonabad health centers in Iran in 2017. Participants were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected over 6 months through demographic information questionnaires, Norbeck social support (NSSQ) , and old age stressors scale (OASS). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 and Pearson test.
Results: According to the findings, the mean score of total stress was 76.36± 21.35, which indicates severe stress in the elderly. The result showed that there is significant association and inverse between total old age stress and Emotional (P= 0.041, r= -0.184) and material dimension (P= 0.024, r= -0.186) of social support. But there is not significant association between total old age stress and functional, structural and total lack dimensions of social support (P>0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that social support has a role to play in old age stress. Therefore, the role of support, training and counseling the elderly and their families becomes more pronounced.
 

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Introduction: For successful management and control of diabetes, proper patient adherence to treatment is important, and countless factors affect patientschr('39') ability to adhere properly. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between Perception of Ageing and social support with follow-up treatment in the elderly with type 2 diabetes in Fasa in 2018.
Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 elderly people with type 2 diabetes who referred to Fasa Diabetes Clinic in 2018. The participants were chosen through random sampling. Data collection tools, demographic and clinical information checklists were standardized questionnaires for adherence to Madanlu treatment, Short form of perception of aging and multidimensional scale of social support. Data were used using SPSS 22 software and was analyzed descriptive statistical tests, Kai Scoyer, T-independent and Logistic regression.
Findings: The mean age of the studied subjects was 72.05 ±7.92 years and the mean duration of their disease was 11.38 ± 3.17 years and most of them (70%) were women. The mean total scores of perception of aging and perceived social support in the elderly studied were 66.23 ± 18.16 and 44.96± 10.05, respectively.The mean total score of treatment adherence in patients was 154.91±19.61, most of whom (51.5%) had moderate treatment adherence. Social support was statistically significant in all three areas (family support, friends, and important people), gender, and lifestyle (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that social support could be considered as a valuable resource in interventions aimed at improving the management and control of diabetes

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Objectives: When it comes to migration, the migration of young people comes to mind and the migration of the older adults is ignored. While, migration after retirement is an important and increasing phenomenon. The reasons and destinations of migration of the older persons are different from those of the young. Young people usually migrate to urban destinations and further distances with more job opportunities, while the elderly choose closer destinations and rural areas with good climate. This essay study internal elderly migration, patterns and differences between various socio –demographic groups in Iran during period of 2011-2016.
Method: This article examines the migration of older adults and its socio-demographic correlates in the period of 2011-2016 using the secondary analysis of the 2016 micro-census data. The sample includes 140,159 aged 55 and over in 31 provinces of the country, both urban and rural areas. Binary logistic regression was used in SPSS26 software for data analysis.
Results: The results of multivariable analysis showed that elderly men 13 percent are more likely to migrate than elderly women. The relationship between age and migration for elderly men was U-shaped, which means that the probability of migration is high at the age immediately after retirement, then gradually decreases with age and finally increases again at the age of over 85 years. Also, the possibility of migration among the unmarried older adults is 36 percent higher than married older adults. In addition, with the increase in the level of education, the possibility of migration of the elderly increases. The probability of migration of the elderly with university education was 2.3 times that of uneducated elderly.
Conclusion: Based on the results of census 2011-2015 in Iran, it is expected that the migration of the elderly will increase in the future with the increase in the education level of the elderly and changes in living arrangements. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the migration of the older adults and its drivers in social policy making.

 

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Introduction: Social health in its broadest sense is described by the quantity and quality of human performance in social interactions and positive and negative evaluations of this type of behavior by others. The purpose of the present research is to present a descriptive and analytical model of indicators and metrics that determine social health among the elderly based on the studies of the last decade.
Methods: In the present study, the qualitative method of descriptive meta-analysis and systematic review was used. The statistical population of the current research includes 67 selected studies, in this study 26 of them were selected and described, analyzed and compared due to their suitability and relevance to the topic. Collecting information in this study based on the checklist for selecting research studies, through a regular review search in the publications of Gerontology, IRANIAN of AGEING, Social Welfare, social health, Social Development and Welfare Planning, as well as the database of the comprehensive portal of humanities, the scientific information center of academic jihad and Google Scholar occurred.
Results: According to the findings of this research, in most of the studies conducted in the last decade, the unit of analysis has been the elderly, and in most cases, the survey method has been used to collect data. Also, Keyes' theory of social health in relation to social determinants such as House and Fleming-Baum's social support and interactions, Zaff's quality of life, Gidden's social security and Bourdieu's social capital has been the dominant research guide, among the factors mentioned are social support and interactions and its indicators. Compared to other components, they have had a significant impact on the social health of the elderly.
Conclusions: An overview of the studies carried out in the last decade revealed that although the assessment of the social health status based on Keyes' five model is the most decisive in the studies, this model has not been able to provide an analytical model - a detailed description of the assessment of the social health status of the elderly compared to other groups based on background variables. such as age, gender, occupation, education, residence, income, etc. ; Therefore, it is recommended by researchers and policymakers to provide a new and comprehensive model for research and policy making in the field of social health of the elderly.


 
 

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Introduction: Aging has caused physical and cognitive defects in older adults, requiring serious intervention to support them. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating relationship between social support and cognitive status among older adults of Neyshabur city.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data of the first phase of registration of the longitudinal Neyshabur Geriatric Cohort on 3451 people of 60 years and above. Data collection was done using demographic questionnaires, MMSE, MOCA and Duke social support questionnaire. .data was analyzed using SPSS v.16 software.
Results: With the MMSE, one fifth of the participants (20.3%) and with the MOCA, almost half of the respondents (49.3%) did not have cognitive disorder. 84% of the respondents were satisfied with the social support received most of the time, and they were satisfied, had the least cognitive impairment. Education level was the strongest factor in predicting cognitive disorder, and MOCA was more influenced by demographic variables than MMSE.
Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of cognitive disorders among older adults, careful examination and screening of cognitive disorders can lead to early diagnosis and prevention of disorder progression. Also, considering the relationship between social support and cognitive status, increasing the use of mass media, online technologies, designing programs and group recreational and sports activities can be effective in improving the cognitive status in older adults.