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Introduction: Semantic expansion and conceptualization are key factors for problem-solving and learning scientific concepts in the learners. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of reading on semantic expansion and conceptualization of the elderly men and women who are 60 years and older in Tehran.
Method: The research method is descriptive in terms of the method and is exploratory survey is terms of minor purpose. The method of sampling is based on availability, so in accordance with the purpose of the study, participants were selected. The participants were divided in 3 subgroups: The elderlies who do not study at all, those who study maximum 30 minutes a day and the elderlies who study 60 minutes and above each day. The research tool is the questioner built by the researcher. The researcher tries to measure semantic expansion and conceptualization of three groups of elderly people in the provided words that indicate concrete and abstract concepts. The groups were matched in terms of literacy level. Descriptive statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution tables is used for data analysis and analysis method of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also used for inferential analysis.
Results: The results show that the amount of study of elderly people has an effect on writing components and features of the concept, on the objective and abstract concepts, on the composition and the inclusion of the intended concept into other concepts and in creating a close relationship between the desired concept and other concepts as well as the presented concepts against the intended concepts.
Conclusion: Mental and physical weakness is a symptom of old age, therefore it should be delayed by changes in the life style.

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Introduction: Many instruments had been designed to screen dementia that their utilities are faced with some limitations. In addition, there is modicum of studies comparing the clinical dementia rating scale and clock drawing test on normal people without diagnosed dementia. The goal of the present study was comparing clinical dementia rating scale and clock drawing test among Iranian people, older than 65.
Method: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 80 over-65 year-old subjects were enrolled by convenient sampling. Demographic and clinical features including; age, sex, education level, medication, and diseases were collected. Then clinical dementia rating scale and clock drawing test were performed for each subject. To test the relationship between variables, independent t-test, Chi2 and exact Fisher test were used and were analyzed with SPSS ver.20.
Results: The age showed a positive correlation with clinical dementia rating score (P=0.00, r=0.36) and a negative correlation with clock drawing test score (P=0.00, r=0.46). But there was no relationship between gender and prevalence of dementia based on neither the clock drawing test nor the clinical dementia rating system. The mean clock drawing test score showed a significant difference between healthy people and those with blood pressure (P=0.02), psychosis (P=0.01) and manic-depression (P=0.03) disorders. Also, the mean clinical dementia rating score revealed a significant difference a between healthy subjects and those suffering from blood pressure (P=0.00), IHD (P=0.00), and COPD (P=0.04) diseases. In subjects suffering from at least one disease, the rate of dementia diagnosis by clock drawing test and clinical dementia rating systems did not significantly differed. However, in people without any disease, the prevalence of dementia diagnosed with clock drawing test was significantly higher than that diagnosed with clinical dementia rating (P=0.00).
Conclusion: based on findings of the present study, the education level as well as suffering from a disease can affect the clock drawing test results. Therefore, it seems that the clock drawing test system in people over 65 years, compared with the conventional clinical dementia rating system, might not be an appropriate diagnostic approach for dementia. However, more studies are needed to be done in future.

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Introduction: Given the increase in the number of elderly, thus the marital satisfaction is becoming more important than before. However the assessment of marital satisfaction of the elderly requires a right tool which is proportional to the elderly of the community,Therefore, The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of marital satisfaction in the elderly and relationship of its components with the mental health and sexual intimacy of elderly in the province of Tehran.
Method: In this cross-sectional and correlational study, 383 elderly residents from the regions 1 and 6 of Tehran in the year 2015 were selected to complete the Heinz’s marital satisfaction, Batlani’s sexual intimacy, and Goldenberg and Hiller’s mental health questionnaires. The data were analyzed using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and Lisrel software.
Results: Content validity index of the scale was confirmed by four professionals. Factor analysis of direct Oblimin rotation shows the relationship between the three general agent (satisfaction from communication and empathy, emotional and sexual satisfaction and the satisfaction from the health of spouse) in the questionnaires, accounting for the 59.23% of the total variance. Its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and using split method was (0.89) & (0/72), respectively. Additionally, the results showed marital satisfaction of elderly is predictable through sexual intimacy and general health (P= 0/001).
Conclusion: The results suggest that the Persian version of the marital satisfaction of the elderly questionnaire has desirable credibility and reliability and can be used in the research, clinical, and treatment environments in order to assess the marital satisfaction of the elderly.

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Introduction: Existential Anxiety is one of the most important emotions that play a significant role in different periods of development and most importantly to adulthood and elderly. The Main purpose of the present study was assessing psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Existential Anxiety Questionnaire for The elderly.
Method: This study was a psychological study that was conducted on 161 elderly in Shiraz. Data collection tools were The Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (EAQ), existential anxiety scale (Good & Good, 1974) and Aronson-Woods Spirituality/Religiousness Index (IW) that after translation-back The Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (EAQ), Convergent-divergent validity, confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability was obtained. A convenience sample was used to collect data and data were analyzed by SPSS-22 and Amoss.
Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirms three factors of emptiness –meaninglessness, guilt-condemnation and fate-death. Goodness of fit index (GFI) was satisfactory (after using modification index). Also for verification of convergent-divergent validity, EAQ correlated significantly with Existential anxiety scale (EAS) and Aronson-Woods Spirituality/Religiousness Index (IW). Furthermore, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0/51,0/41 and 0/51 for meaninglessness, guilt-condemnation and fate-death, respectively.
Conclusion: This research provides promising evidence about the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (EAQ) in Iranian older people and elderly. This questionnaire can be used to collect information in research and measure the death anxiety in psychotherapy.

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Introduction: Attention and concentration on predictor variables of loneliness feeling in the elderly is an introduction to successful reduction of loneliness feeling and decreasing its serious consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of communication skills, social support and daily spiritual experiences in predicting loneliness feeling of the elderly.

Method: This is descriptive- analytical study. The statistical population of this study was all elderly in Tehran at 2016. Four hundred elderly who are living at home were selected by cluster sampling from different areas of Tehran city. The Revised loneliness feeling scale, Interpersonal Communication Skills questionnaire, Social support questionnaire, and Daily spiritual experiences questionnaire were used to collect information. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 23, using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression method.

Results: The statistical results indicated the negative significant correlations between communication skills (r= -0/40, P<0/001), social support (r= -0/20, P<0/001) and daily spiritual experiences (r= -0/50, P<0/001) with loneliness feeling. Multivariate regression analysis showed that 38 percent of the variance in loneliness feeling of the elderly is explained by the communication skills, social support and daily spiritual experiences.

 Conclusion: Communication skills, social support and daily spiritual experiences have a significant role in predicting loneliness feeling of the elderly. The results of this study have significant therapeutic implications about the importance of these variables in the loneliness feeling of the elderly.

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Introduction: Ageing is a sensitive period of life that attention to the needs and problems of this stage is a social necessity. A common feature among elderly is death anxiety that has close relationship with loneliness and religious. Accordingly, The aim of this study was predicting death anxiety according to religious orientation and loneliness the elderly in Arak city.
Method: This study was a descriptive correlational, conducted on 247 elderly who were selected by convenience sampling. Death Anxiety Scale, Alportʼs Religious Orientation,  and loneliness were used for data gatheing. Data were analyzed using descriptive and  statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and  regression.
Results: The results showed a significant relationship between internal religious orientation (r=-0/66, p<0.01), external religious orientation (r=0/56, p<0.01) and loneliness (r=-0/54, p<0.01) with death anxiety. Beta coefficients for predictor variables indicated internal religious orientation -0/657, external religious orientation 0/446, loneliness 0/562 have significantly predictive capability of death anxiety of elderly (p<0.05). Also, the results showed religious orientation and loneliness can predict the changes in death anxiety potential up to 39%.
Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that Internal religious orientation and loneliness have effective role in the amount of the death anxiety in the elderly.

 

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 Introduction: The participation of older adults in group activities is one of the key elements in improving the life quality and general health and reducing old age disability. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of Art therapy (produced crafts and playing with Lego) on life quality and social participation of older adults in Kerman nursing homes.
Method: The current study is a quasi-experimental study with pre and post- tests and group control. The population of study was older adults who lived in Kerman nursing homes in 2016. 60 older adults selected based on the inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to the control (n=30) and experimental groups (n=30). The experimental groups received group activities؛ produced crafts and playing with Lego for one month, eleven sessions (totaling 20 hours). Statistical analysis conducted by analysis of covariance. After completing group activities, both groups responded to Lipid life quality and Moradie^ʼs social participation Questionnaires.
Results: The findings of the covariance’s analysis indicated that there is a significantly difference in the quality of life and its dimensions (depression and anxiety and life satisfaction), between older adults in pre and post-test (p= 0.001) but, there was no significant difference between the scores of social participation of older adults before and after group activities. (p= 0.067).
Conclusion: According to the results of this research, Art therapy, such as the provision of handicraft and play with the logo, have a significant positive effect on the quality of life of older adults. Therefore, it is suggested that authorities in care center consider these group activities as a alternative or complementary therapies to reduce the mental health problems of older adults.
 

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Introduction: Ageing of population and protection of mental health in old age are becoming a major societal concern. Older adults are more likely to experience events that effect their mental health and weaken it. Therefore, consideration of the factors related to mental health of this group is necessary. So the purpose of this study was to study structural and simultaneous relationship of basic psychological needs and subjective well-being with mental health between older adults.
Method: The research method was correlation. Among the elderly men and women over the age of 60 years in Tehran in 2016, 247 elderly including 95 women and 152 men were selected by available sampling method. Subjective well-being (α=0/78), Basic psychological needs (α=0/73) and Psychological health (α=0/66) scales were used to collect date. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient (correlation matrix) and path analysis model using SPSS23 and Liserl 8.5.
Results: the results showed a significant relationship between basic psychological needs: autonom (p<0.01،r=0.78), competence (p<0.01،r=0/69), relatedness (p<0.01،r=0/75) with psychological health.and too significant relationship between cognitive well-being (p<0.01، r=0/49), emotional Well-being (p<0.01، r=0/73) and social well-being (p<0.01،r=0/67) with psychological health.
Conclusion: Basic psychological needs and subjective well-being are important in improving the psychological health of older adults. Providing these needs will strengthen their subjective well-being and ultimately lead to better mental health.
 

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Introduction: Ageing is associated with many degenerative functional changes and cognitive functions are most vulnerable in this period. Given that there is little information about cognitive failures in the elderly and its influencing factors; the purpose of this research was investigating the mediating role of education in the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive failures in the elderly people.
Method: In this descriptive- correlational study, statistical population comprised of all elderly people in Tehran in 2017. The sample of this study included 215 elderly who were selected by purposive sampling method from nursing homes and a two stage cluster sampling method from Parks in Tehran City. In order to gathering data Cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and Kentucky inventory mindfulness skill (KIMS) were used. In order to analyze data Pearson correlation coefficient and interactional multiple regression method were employed. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.
Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant negative relationship between mindfulness and cognitive failures in elderly people. It was also found that all subscales of mindfulness (observe, describe, act with awareness and accept without judgment) had significant negative relationship with all components of cognitive failures (memory, distractibility, names and blunders).There was a positive significant relationship between education and mindfulness and its subscales. There was a negative significant relationship between education and cognitive failures and its components. The results of Moderated regression analyses showed that education can moderate the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive Failures in the elderly.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive failures in elderly is not a simple linear association; it is influenced and moderated by education. The results of this study have significant educational and therapeutic implications about the importance of mindfulness and education in experiencing cognitive failures in the elderly.



 

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Introduction: The investigation of psychometric properties of the short-form of self-management ability scale in older people, including reliability, validity, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis was the purpose of this study.
Method:  In this descriptive- survey study,  283 older people (135 males and 148 females), were selected through available sampling in Tehran. The construct validity of management ability scale was investigated through exploratory factor analysis and main components method by using varimax orthogonal rotation. Reliability of the scale was calculated by test-retest method and ordinal alpha coefficient.
 Results: The exploratory factor analysis showed six factors (taking initiative, investing, self-efficacy, variety, multifunctionality and positive frame of mind). Test-retest reliability and internal consistency the ordinal alpha coefficients assumed good.
 Conclusion: According to the results of current research, the short-form of self-management ability scale is a reliable instrument with appropriate psychometric properties to measure the rate of self-management ability in Iranian older people.
 

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Introduction: Given the importance of happiness in old age, it is important to propose and test a multivariate model for relations between its predictor factors. In the present study, the conceptual model of the relationships between spiritual intelligence, psychological hardiness, perceived social support, and happiness was tested in elderlies.
Method: The research design was correlational. A sample of two hundred and eleven old woman, were selected through convenient sampling from four cities in Mazandarn province, Iran in the summer of 2016. All participants were asked to complete the Revised Oxford Happiness Inventory, The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, Ahvaz Hardiness Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The suggested model was tested through covariance-based structural equation modeling and data analysis was performed using the SPSS-22 and Amos-20.
Results: The mean age of the sample was 66.83 (SD= 2.72) years old. Using maximum-likelihood estimation and bootstrap procedure, results from structural equation modeling showed that in the elderly women, spiritual intelligence through the mediating role of psychological hardiness and perceived social support, had positive and significant effect on happiness (p<.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that in elderly, higher levels of spiritual intelligence can predict higher happiness. Meanwhile, psychological hardness as a personal factor and perceived social support as an environmental factor can clarify the mechanism of the effect of spiritual intelligence on happiness. In other words, spiritual intelligence has a positive effect on the happiness through increasing psychological hardiness and, consequently, increasing perceived social support. These results can be used to design counseling programs for elderly people.
 

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Introduction: Elderly people face problems such as poor mental health, satisfaction and low life expectancy and reduced happiness. The effectiveness of happiness education has also been confirmed in the improvement of some psychological problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Lyubomirsky happiness training on mental health, life satisfaction, life expectancy and happiness in elderly women in Shahreza.
 Method: Present research was a quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest with a control group), The statistical population of this study included all elderly women living in the home of the city of Shahreza in 2016-2017 which 30 people selected using available sampling method and they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 individuals for each group). Both groups Completed Goldberg and Hiller's General Health Questionnaire (1979), Life Satisfaction of Diner et al. (1985), Life expectancy of Snyder et al. (1991) and Happiness of Oxford (1989), in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and one month follow up. Lyubomirsky Happiness Training (2008) was conducted in groups during six sessions (weekly one-hour session for six weeks). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including variance analysis with repeated-measures using SPSS version 20 software.
Results: The results of variance analysis with repeated-measures showed that the mean scores of mental health (p=0.028), life satisfaction (p=0.042), life expectancy (p=0.001) and happiness (p=0.005) of elderly in experimental group compared to control group increased in the post-test and follow-up stages to the pre-test stage.
Conclusion: Regarding the fact that Lyubomirsky's happiness training has an impact on improving mental health, improving life satisfaction and life expectancy, as well as increasing the happiness of the elderly, therefore, it is recommended to use this methodology to improve the variables discussed in aging centers.

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Introduction: Elderly is a period of alterations in human life that is accompanied by impairments in sensorimotor and cognitive functioning, including working memory especially in the bimanual coordination task. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of the errorless, errorful, and random practice schedules on performance and learning of dual task the bimanual coordination task in the elderly.
Method: In the current Quasi-experimental study which was conducted in Tehran, 36 elderly were selected by convenience sampling from city parks. They were randomly selected and assigned into three equal groups (errorless group, errorful group and random group). Participants practiced  for one day in ten different conditions based on their practice groups. The retention and transfer tests performed 15 trials of15°-35°and 15°-45° movement conditions, respectively, and then a dual task test was performed with 15 trials. To analysis the data, SPSS /19 software and also excel software were used to measure absolute error, repeated measure analysis ANOVA and one-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05)
Results: The results showed that in the acquisition phase, the mean of absolute error in the errorless, erroful and random groups was significant and in fact, the participants of the errorless group with a mean (6.91) showed a lower absolute error. The results also showed that the mean absolute error of the errorless group in the phases of retention (5.58), transfer (9.08), and dual task (9.25) was less than that of the two groups. In fact, the errorless practice protocol has led to a better understanding of dignitaries in the elderly. All groups progressed from pre-test to transfer phase, but the errorless training group had an optimal learning experience than other groups (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the deterioration of information processing and the weakness in working memory, elderly get maximum benefit from tasks, which have less cognitive need for working memory. The errorless practice protocol encourages them to learn implicit. The results of this study support the theory of implicit learning and the theory of reinvestment.
 

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Introduction: The world's population is rapidly aging. Mental health is vital in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on Depression, Death Anxiety and Life Expectancy in the Elderly.
Method: The statistical population was all elderly women in the 3rd, 7th and 1st districts of Tehran referring to health centers and sampling method were Random Stratified Sampling. All participants (30 people) were tested for Miller's Life Expectancy, Depression in the elderly and Templar death anxiety. The experimental group consisted of 10 sessions of grouped Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software and statistical analysis of variance(Mixed Model ANOVA) analysis.
Results: Findings showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of life expectancy, depression, and death anxiety in both pre-test and post-test levels according to the experimental and control groups. As a result, treatment has been effective in the experimental group.
Conclusion: old age is one of the important factors of disability, the use of short-term and low-cost treatment methods to increase the performance of the elderly It is essential and important. With regard to the results of the research, group-based mind-awareness can be a good option

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Introduction: Pain is a complex experience that is not only determined by the intensity of stimulation of pain receptors, but is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that affects psychological factors, such as emotional regulation, except for biological factors. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the predicting role of the difficulties in emotional regulation on the duration of persistence and intensity of perceived pain in the elderly and the structural relationships between emotional regulation and the general severity of pain perception in these individuals.
Method: The present research is a correlation study. The sample consisted of 251 elderly who had pain in at least one area of their body. This sample was selected using a multi-stage purposeful sampling method from among the elderly in the Centers of daily aging in Shiraz. To collect data, the Persian version of the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS), the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Pain Information Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by correlation, regression, and structural equation modeling method using SPSS 18 and LISREL 8.80 software.
Results: The results of regression showed that among components of difficulty in emotional regulation, limited access to strategies, difficulty in achieving goals and lack of emotional awareness, predict the overall severity of pain perception, and limited access to strategies can predict pain duration in elderly. Also, structural equation modeling results showed that the difficulties in emotional regulation is related to the general severity of pain perception in the elderly and can affect it.
Conclusion: In general, according to the findings of this study, it can be said that the components of difficulty in emotional regulation can predict elderly pain perception and these two construction are structurally related. These results can have various theoretical and practical implications in identifying the factors associated with aging pain perception and pain control in these individuals.
 

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Introduction: Due to the growth of aging population in the country, this group faces increasing problems. Considering the importance of improving the health of the elderly and the need to pay attention to the components of health promotion, especially mental health, There will be expected steps to be taken in this regard. One of the things that helps mental health in the elderly is having a life satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between between the self-worth and Beliefs in a just world with life satisfaction of elderly People in the Esfarayen city, Iran.
Method: The research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study was all retired elderly people of the government offices in Esfarayen city in the year 2017-2018 who were 55 to 65 years old. 330 students were selected by available sampling. The research instruments were Just World Scale, Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale and life Satisfaction index. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.
Results: The results of correlation coefficient showed that the correlation between self-worth and life satisfaction was 0.381. Also the correlation between belief in the fair world with life satisfaction was 0.413. All the cor­relations were significant at the level of 0.001. Also, multiple regression analysis showed that predictor variables explained 56% of variance in Satisfaction with Life.
Conclusion: results indicate that self-worth and belief in the fair world have significant and positive correlation with satisfaction with life.Thus, it seems that developing a sense of self-worth and having a belief in the fair world can make life satisfaction.

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Introduction: Getting away from the family center can lead to psychological and emotional harm to the elderly. The present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of Spiritual Therapy on cognitive avoidance and psychological distress in the elderly are present at nursing homes in the city of Isfahan.
Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population was all elderly are present in Sadeghieh nursing home in the city of Isfahan in 2018. 30 elderly were selected through purposive method and randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (15 in the experimental and 15 in the control group). The experimental group received eight ninety-minute sessions of therapy interventions related to spirituality during two months once a week while the control group didn’t receive any intervention. Then the people in both groups took the posttest. The applied instruments included cognitive avoidance questionnaire (Sekston and Dougas,, 2008) and psychological distress questionnaire (Kesler et.al, 2003) a. After collecting questionnaires and extracting raw data, the data analysis was done through descriptive statistics and ANCOVA method.
Results​: The results of the study showed that spiritual therapy has significant effect on cognitive avoidance and psychological distress of the elderly are present at nursing home in the city of Isfahan (p<0.001) in that this therapy was able to decrease cognitive avoidance and psychological distress of the elderly are present at nursing home in the city of Isfahan.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that spiritual therapy using techniques such as Accountability, giving things to God and strengthening the will and eradicating negative thoughts can decrease the level of cognitive avoidance and psychological distress of the elderly are present at nursing home. Therefore spiritual therapy can be applied as an efficient therapy to decrease the level of cognitive avoidance and psychological distress of the elderly are present at nursing home.
 

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Introduction:  The world's population is rapidly rising to aging, and in the meantime, factors such as emotional intelligence and psychological capital are linked to life satisfaction in old age; the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological capital with life satisfaction of elderly people in Mahabad.
Method: The present research is a descriptive and correlational study.  The community consisted of all 65 year olds above the city of Mahabad, which were 10800 people. 412 people were selected as the final sample by available sampling method.  The instruments for collecting information were the psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans, 2007), emotional intelligence (Bradberry, Greaves, 2006) and life satisfaction (Diener, 1985). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Inter regression, using SPSS version 23 software.
Results: The results showed that all components of emotional intelligence (including self-awareness, self-management, and social awareness and relationship management) have a positive correlation with life satisfaction (p < 0.01). There is a positive correlation between the components of psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, resilient, optimism) with life satisfaction (p = 0.01). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence and psychological capital can predict life satisfaction and 35.1% of life satisfaction variance is explained by these variables.
Conclusion: Emotional intelligence and psychological capital can be learned and acquired throughout life; therefore, by teaching these two variables, life satisfaction can be increased in old age.

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Introduction: Old ages are one of the most major period of human life which because of its nature and being close to death time enhances deep questions about existential identity of man, anxiety related to effacement and annihilation, meaningfulness, feelings of unsafety, loneliness and seclusion in mind of most elder people. So this research has been done to review the effectiveness of ontological security training on psychological safety and existential anxiety of elder people in nursing home of Yasuj city.
Method: This study is a semi-experimental, two-group test with pretest, posttest and two-month follow up. The population includes all elder people residing at Ferdows nursing home in Yasuj city in 2018. The statistical sample is a 30-people group which was purposively selected and randomly divided into two test and control groups (each of 15 people). The test group was trained by 6 weekly meetings each takes 45 minutes with the training program of ontological security based on Giddens theory, while the control group had no interfere during the research. Then people of both groups have been post-tested and followed up. The data gathering tools were psychological safety questionnaire (Edmondson, 1999) and existential anxiety questionnaire (Weems et al, 2004) and the data was analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA in SPSS, v 23.
Results: The results showed that ontological security training significantly affects psychological safety (P<0.001) and existential anxiety (P<0.05) of elder people in nursing home, but this significance was not prolonged for existential anxiety in follow up step (P>0.05). Hence this kind of training could result in increasing psychological safety and decreasing existential anxiety of elder people of the center.
Conclusion: Ontological security training decrease some part of existential anxiety of elder people while improving their psychological safety, so it could be applied as an effective training method for elder people.